Help with Journal Customization

[judas_river]

Hello, and thank you in advance for taking the time to read this. Some years ago, I sort of muddled my way through porting my style over from LiveJournal. However, there are a few minor issues that I can't seem to figure out on my own, and I'd love to finally address them. Would any of you wonderful people be able to help me?


( My style info )

( My problems )

If you got all the way through that, you deserve an award haha. Any help with any of these problems would be so deeply appreciated. What little I know about coding layouts is self-taught and spotty at best, so any and all explanations to accompany any help offered would be especially awesome, too. Thanks so much!