I have a little time before I go to bed to help with a few of these. Add the following to your CSS page:

Problem 1:
#title,#subtitle,#pagetitle {display: none;}

Problem 2:
ul.entry-management-links a {color: #FFFFFF;}

Problem 4:
h3.entry-title {font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.2em; margin-left: 10px;}

Problem 5:
.topnav {display:none}
Problem 5: Part 2 - I forgot that taking out the entire top navigation section would also remove your YEAR DATES at the top of the page in your CALENDAR view, so here's another option that shouldn't do that. It doesn't remove the entire space, but that *could* be accomplished with margins.
.topnav li.page-back {display:none}

Problem 6:
.entry,.module {padding:10px;}

If any of these don't work for you, let me know and I'll take a better look tomorrow.